(Tenses)Using Verbs in Tenses

Using Verbs in Tenses

Auxiliary Verbs:

Be: we used auxiliary verb be in the formation of continuous tenses.

Be(Am/Is/Are) Was/Were Been

-Present Continuous: (Am/Is/Are) Ex. I am studying English grammar.

-Past Continuous: (Was/Were) Ex. I was studying English grammar.

-Perfect Continuous: (Been) Ex. I have been studying English grammar.

-Future Continuous: (Be) Ex. I will be studying English grammar.

Do: we used auxiliary verbdo to make interrogative and negative sentences in

present and past simple. Do/Does Did Done

-Present Simple: (Do/Does) Ex. I don’t study English grammar.

Do you study English grammar?

-Past Simple: (Did) Ex. I didn’t study English grammar.

Did you study English grammar?

Have: we used auxiliary verbhave in formation of perfect tenses.

Have/Has Had Had

-Present Perfect (Have/Has)Ex. I have studied English grammar.

-Present Perfect Continuous (Have/Has)Ex. I have been studying English grammar.

-Past Perfect (Had) Ex. I had studied English grammar.

-Past Perfect Continuous (Had) Ex. I had been studying English grammar.

Will/Shall: we used will/shall to express future time.

(Shall is used in the first person I and We)

-Future Simple: Ex. I will study English grammar.

-Future Continuous: Ex. I will be studying English grammar.

-Future Perfect: Ex. I will have studied English grammar.

-Future Perfect Continuous: Ex. I will have been studying English grammar.

Irregular Verbs in Tenses

There are five classes in the Irregular verbs

Present Tense	Base Form (V1)	Past Tense (V2)	Past Participle(V3)	Present Participle(V-ing)
goes	go	went	gone	going

-Verb Present Tense: we used it in present simple tense for the third person ( He/She/It)

Present Simple: He/She/It goes to school.

-Base Form or Infinitive(V1): we used it in the Present and Future Simple tenses.

Present Simple: I go to school.

Future Simple: I will go to school.

-Past Tense (V2): we used it in Past Simple tense.

Past Simple: I went to school.

-Past Participle (V3): we used it in the Perfect tenses.

Present Perfect: I have gone to school.

Past Perfect: I had gone to school.

-Present Participle (V-ing): we used it in the Continuous/Progressive tenses.

Present Continuous: I am going to school.

Past Continuous: I was going to school

Present Perfect Continuous: I have been going to school.

Past Perfect Continuous: I had been going to school.

Future Continuous: I will be going to school.

Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been going to school.

Formsof the Tense

Present: Infinitive(V1)

Past: Past Tense(V2)

Perfect: Past Participle(V3)

Future: Will/Shall

Continuous: be+ Present Participle (V-ing)

Forms of The Tense

Present Times: there are two tenses in the present times.

1-Present Simple: is used to talk about facts or things that are generally true and repeated actions.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+V1(Infinitive)+Objective	We study English grammar
Interrogative	Do/Does+S+V1(Infinitive)+Objective?	Do we study English grammar?
Negative	S+Do/Does+not+V1(Infinitive)+Objective	We don’t study English grammar

Using Verbs in Present Simple

- Most verbs add -sto infinitive: work→works, sit→sits, stay→stays

- Verbs ending in consonant + ychange in -Iand add -es: cry→cries, hurry→hurries

-Verbs ending in -s, -z, -ch, -sh or x add -esto infinitive: miss→misses, watch→watches

- Exceptions: have→has, do→does, go→goes

Do	I/You/We/They (Plural Nouns)	Do+not	Don’t
Does	He/She/It (Singular Nouns)	Does+not	Doesn’t

2-Present Continuous: is used to talk about something that is happening at the time of speaking or present.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ (Am/Is/Are)+ V-ing+ Objective	We are study English grammar
Interrogative	(Am/Is/Are)+ S+ V-ing+ Objective?	Are we studying English grammar?
Negative	S+ (Am/Is/Are)+ not+ V-ing+ Objective	We aren’t studying English grammar

Using Verbs in Present Continuous

-Verbs that end in -edrop the -e and add –ing. -Exception: verbs ending in double -ee, the final -e is not dropped.	Hope → hoping Agree → agreeing
-Verb that ending in a vowel and a consonant. A vowel + a consonant→ double consonants. Two vowels+ a consonant → one consonant. -Exception: -w, -x, -yis not double, just keep and add -ing.	Stop → stopping Rain → raining Fix → fixing Play → playing Grow → growing
-Verbs that ending in -iechange to -y, add -ing.	Die → dying Lie → lying Tie → tying

Am	I	Am+ not	am not
Is	He/She/It (Singular Nouns)	Is+ not	isn’t
Are	You/We/They (Plural Nouns)	Are+ not	aren’t

Non-Progressive Verbs( Stative Verbs)

Some Verbs are never or hardly ever used in progressive forms. These verbs are described or refer to states

rather than actions. They do not describe activities that are in progressive tense.

Mental State	Know Want* Think* Believe Agree Realize Feel* Doubt* Need Understand Suppose Remember* Imagine* Recognize Wish Promise Mean* Forget* Concern Desire
Emotional State	Love Hate Fear Mind Like Dislike Envy Care Appreciate Please Astonish Amaze Surprise Prefer Impress
Possession	Possess Have* Own Belong
Senses	taste* See* Smell* Feel* Hear
Other Existing	Seem Cost* Be* Owe Consist Exist Look* Weight* Matter Contain Sound Appear* Resemble Equal Look like Deserve Measure Fit

*Verbs with an asterisk can have both stative and progressive meaning.

But it has difference in meaning, as in the following example:

Non-Progressive (Stative Verbs)Progressive ( Activity)

Think: I think Jackson is a kind man. I am thinking about this grammar.

Have: Peter has a grammar book I am having a trouble.

Taste: The food tests good The chef is tasting the sauce.

Smell: These flowers smell good You are smelling the rose.

See: I see what you mean. The doctor is seeing a patient.

Feel: I feel we shouldn’t do it. I’m feeling fine.

Look: Shelooks cold. I’ll lend her my coat. I am looking out the window.

Appear: Heappears a perfectly normal person. The actor is appearing on the stage.

Weight: A piano is heavy. It’s weight a lot. The grocer is weighting bananas.

Be: I am hungry. He is being foolish.

Remember: He remembers your name. He is remembering the old story.

Imagine: I imagine you must be tired. She is imagining her plan.

Forget: They forget how much I paid for it. My friend is forgetting something.

Mean: ‘huge’ means ‘very big’ It’smeaning bad result.

Past Times: there are six tenses in the past times.

1-Past Simple:is used to describe things that happened in the past or events that have been completion.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ V2+ Objective	We studied English grammar
Interrogative	Did+ S+ V1 + Objective?	Did we study English grammar?
Negative	S+ Did+ not+ V1 + Objective	We didn’t study English grammar

Using Verbs in Past Simple

Using Regular Verbs in the Past Simple

Most regular verbs: add -ed	Work → worked/ Help → helped/Start → started
Verbs ending in -e: add -d	Hope → hoped/Decide → decided
Verbs ending in one stressed vowel + one consonant ( except w or x): double the consonant and add -ed	Stop → stopped/Plan → planned Refer → referred/Regret → regretted
Verbs ending in consonant + -y: Change y to iand add –ed Verbs ending in vowel + -y: keep -y and add -ed.	Hurry → hurried/Cry → cried Study → studied/Play → played

Note:*Verbs ending in -chaveck in the past; Ex: picnic→picnicked.

*In British English, -l is doubled in the past after a short vowel event if the vowel is not stressed;

Ex tralvel→travelled.

Was	I/He/She/Is (Singular Nouns)	Ex. I was a student.
Were	You/We/They (Plural Nouns)	Ex. They were students.

2-Past Continuous:is used to describe actions in the past that continue for some time in the past.

The time of the action may not be indicated.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Was/Were+ V-ing+ Objective	We were studying English grammar
Interrogative	Was/Were+ S+ V-ing + Objective?	Were we studying English grammar?
Negative	S+ Was/Were+ not+ V-ing + Objective	We weren’t studying English grammar

Using Verbs in Past Continuous

Was	I/He/She/It (Singular Nouns)	Was+ not	wasn’t
Were	You/We/They (Plural Nouns)	Were+ not	weren’t

3-Present Perfect:to refer to actions which started in the past and which are still going on atthe time ofspeaking or which still affect the situation in the present.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Have/Has+ V3+ Objective	We have studied English grammar
Interrogative	Have/Has+ S+ V3 + Objective?	Have we studied English grammar?
Negative	S+ Have/Has+ not+ V3 + Objective	We have studied English grammar

Using Verbs in Present Perfect

Have	I/ You/We/They (Plural Nouns)	Has+ not	hasn’t
Has	He/She/It (Singular Nouns)	Have+ not	haven’t

Past Participle (V3): spelling –edform for Past Participle (V3) in regular verbs.

Note: The difference between been (to) and gone (to)

Ex. He’s been to Angkor Wat. ( He went to Angkor Wat but he is back now)

He’s gone to Angkor Wat. (He is at Angkor Wat now)

Note: The Present Perfect is never used with adverbs of the past time.

Ex. He has gone to Angkor Wat yesterday. (Wrong)

He went to Angkor Wat yesterday. (Right)

4-Present Perfect Continuous:is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is going still continuing or used for an action already finished.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Have/Has+ Been+ V-ing+ Objective	We have been studying English grammar
Interrogative	Have/Has+ S+ Been+ V-ing + Objective?	Have we been studying English grammar?
Negative	S+ Have/Has+ not+ Been+ V-ing + Objective	We haven’t been studying English grammar

Using Verbs in Present Perfect Continuous

Been+ Present Participle (V-ing)to express Perfect Continuous form.

Ex. He has been sleeping for five hours. (Now he is still sleeping)

I have been studying English since seven o’clock. (Now I am still studying English)

5-Past Perfect: is used to refer to action or events in the past that happened before other actions in the past.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Had + V3+ Objective	We had studied English grammar
Interrogative	Had+ S+ + V3 + Objective?	Had we studied English grammar?
Negative	S+ Had+ not+ V3 + Objective	We hadn’t studied English grammar

Using Verbs in Past Perfect

Had: is used to all persons in the Past Perfect.

Had

I/You/We/They He/She/It

Had+not

Hadn’t

6-Past Perfect Continuous: is used for an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Had+ Been+ V-ing+ Objective	We had been studying English grammar
Interrogative	Had+ S+ Been+ V-ing + Objective?	Had we been studying English grammar?
Negative	S+ Had+ not+ Been+ V-ing + Objective	We hadn’t been studying English grammar

Future Times: there are four tenses in the future times.

1-Future Simple: is used to talk about something that we think or believe will happen in the future.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Will/Shall + V1+ Objective	We will study English grammar
Interrogative	Will/Shall+ S+ V1 + Objective?	Will we study English grammar?
Negative	S+ Will/Shall+ not+ V1 + Objective	We won’t study English grammar

Using Verbs in Future Simple

Will	I/You/We/They He/She/It	Will+not	Won’t
Shall	I/We	Shall+not	Shan’t

*Be+ going to+ V1: is used to express what someone intends to do in the future, something that is being or has planned.

Ex. I am going to tell her about my new house.

*Be about to: is used to express what is going to happened in the very near future.

Ex. I am about to study computer at my school.

*Be to: to talk about official plans and arrangements.

Ex. The Prime Minister is to visit Cambodia next month.

2-Future Simple Continuous:is used to talk about actions which will be in progress at a time in the future.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Will/Shall +Be+ V-ing+ Objective	We will be studying English grammar
Interrogative	Will/Shall+ S+Be+ V-ing + Objective?	Will we be studying English grammar?
Negative	S+ Will/Shall+ not+Be+ V-ing + Objective	We won’t be studying English grammar

Using Verbs in Future Continuous

Be+PresentParticiple(V-ing): to express Future Continuous tense.

3-Future Perfect: is used to refer to an action that you expect to have happened or that will be completed by a certain future time.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Will/Shall + Have+ V3+ Objective	We will have studied English grammar
Interrogative	Will/Shall+ S+ Have+ V3 + Objective?	Will we have studied English grammar?
Negative	S+Will/Shall+ not+ Have+ V3 + Objective	We will not have studied English grammar

Using Verbs in Future Perfect

Will : is used with all persons ( I/You/We/They/He/She/It)

Shall: is used with the first person (I/We). But today is less common than Will.

*Remember: After Will/Shall the verbs is using is infinitive.

Ex. He will has studied English grammar. (Wrong)

He will have studied English grammar. (Right)

4-Future Perfect Continuous:is used to refer to an actionwhich will be in progress over a period of the time that will end in the future.

Sentences	Forms	Examples
Affirmative	S+ Will/Shall + Have+Been+ V-ing+ Objective	We will have been studying English.
Interrogative	Will/Shall+ S+ Have+Been+V-ing +Objective?	Will we have been studying English?
Negative	S+ Will/Shall+ not+ Have+ V3 + Objective	We will not have been studying English.

Expressing Meaning

Ex. By the end of the month, I will have been working here for six years. (and I will continue to work here)

I will have been teaching for twenty years next July. (and I will continue to teach here)

Appendix

Question Words

We can use Wh-questions with all tenses to add more information of answer.

Wh-questions	Example	Answer	Meaning
When	When did they come home?	Yesterday	When: is used to ask about time.
Where	Where will you go this week?	Phnom Penh	Where: is used to ask about place.
Why	Why do you come late?	Because I had a traffic jam.	Why: is used to ask about reason.
What	What is your full name?	SABONE VENTA	What: is used to ask about more detail of the subject.
Which	Which book do you want? Which countries did you visit?	That one Cambodia and Lao	Which: is used to ask about choosing. And sometimes ask about information of noun.
How	How do you come to school? How long have studied English? How often do you play soccer? How faris it to school from here? How much money does it cost? How many people come here?	By bus Five years Every weekend 400meter Five dollars Twenty	How: is used to ask about manner. How long: asks about length of time. How often: asks about frequency. How far: asks about distance. How much/many: is used to ask about quantity.
Who	Who is your teacher?	Teacher Venta	Who: is used to ask about people.
Whom	Whom did you meet last night? Whom were you talking to?	I met David My mom	Whom: is used to ask about object of verb or preposition. (refer to people)
Whose	Whose book is this?	It’s mine	Whose: asks about possession.