Using Verbs in Tenses
Auxiliary
Verbs:
Be: we used auxiliary verb be in
the formation of continuous tenses.
Be(Am/Is/Are) Was/Were Been
-Present Continuous: (Am/Is/Are)
Ex. I am studying English grammar.
-Past Continuous: (Was/Were) Ex. I was studying English grammar.
-Perfect Continuous: (Been) Ex. I have been studying English
grammar.
-Future
Continuous: (Be) Ex.
I will be studying English grammar.
Do: we used auxiliary verbdo to
make interrogative and negative sentences in
present and past
simple. Do/Does Did Done
-Present Simple: (Do/Does) Ex. I don’t study English grammar.
Do you study English grammar?
-Past Simple: (Did) Ex. I didn’t study
English grammar.
Did you study English grammar?
Have: we used auxiliary verbhave in
formation of perfect tenses.
Have/Has Had Had
-Present Perfect (Have/Has)Ex.
I have studied English grammar.
-Present Perfect Continuous (Have/Has)Ex. I have been studying English grammar.
-Past Perfect (Had) Ex.
I had studied English grammar.
-Past
Perfect Continuous (Had) Ex. I had been studying English grammar.
Will/Shall: we used will/shall to express future
time.
(Shall
is used in the first person I and We)
-Future
Simple: Ex.
I will study English grammar.
-Future
Continuous: Ex. I will be
studying English grammar.
-Future
Perfect: Ex.
I will have studied English grammar.
-Future
Perfect Continuous: Ex. I will have
been studying English grammar.
Irregular Verbs in Tenses
There
are five classes in the Irregular verbs
Present
Tense
|
Base
Form (V1)
|
Past
Tense (V2)
|
Past Participle(V3)
|
Present
Participle(V-ing)
|
goes
|
go
|
went
|
gone
|
going
|
-Verb Present Tense: we used it in present
simple tense for the third person ( He/She/It)
Present
Simple: He/She/It goes to school.
-Base Form or Infinitive(V1): we used it in
the Present and Future Simple tenses.
Present Simple: I go to school.
Future
Simple: I will go to school.
-Past Tense (V2):
we used it in Past Simple tense.
Past Simple: I went to school.
-Past Participle
(V3): we used it in the Perfect tenses.
Present Perfect: I have gone to
school.
Past Perfect: I had
gone to school.
-Present Participle
(V-ing): we used it in the Continuous/Progressive tenses.
Present Continuous: I am going to
school.
Past
Continuous: I was going to school
Present Perfect
Continuous: I have been going to school.
Past Perfect
Continuous: I had been going to school.
Future
Continuous: I will be going to school.
Future Perfect
Continuous: I will have been going to school.
Formsof
the Tense
Present:
Infinitive(V1)
Perfect:
Past Participle(V3)
Future:
Will/Shall
Continuous:
be+ Present Participle (V-ing)
Forms of The Tense
Present Times:
there
are two tenses in the present times.
1-Present Simple:
is used to talk about facts or things that are generally true and repeated
actions.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+V1(Infinitive)+Objective
|
We study English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Do/Does+S+V1(Infinitive)+Objective?
|
Do we study English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+Do/Does+not+V1(Infinitive)+Objective
|
We don’t study English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Present Simple
- Most verbs add -sto infinitive: work→works, sit→sits,
stay→stays
- Verbs ending in consonant + ychange in -Iand add -es: cry→cries, hurry→hurries
-Verbs
ending in -s, -z, -ch, -sh or x add -esto infinitive: miss→misses, watch→watches
- Exceptions: have→has, do→does, go→goes
Do
|
I/You/We/They
(Plural Nouns)
|
Do+not
|
Don’t
|
Does
|
He/She/It
(Singular Nouns)
|
Does+not
|
Doesn’t
|
2-Present Continuous: is used to talk
about something that is happening at the time of speaking or present.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ (Am/Is/Are)+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We are study English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
(Am/Is/Are)+ S+ V-ing+
Objective?
|
Are we studying English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ (Am/Is/Are)+ not+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We aren’t studying English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Present Continuous
-Verbs
that end in -edrop the -e and add –ing.
-Exception:
verbs ending in double -ee, the final
-e is not dropped.
|
Hope → hoping
Agree → agreeing
|
-Verb that
ending in a vowel and a consonant.
A vowel + a
consonant→ double consonants.
Two vowels+
a consonant → one consonant.
-Exception: -w, -x, -yis not
double, just keep
and add
-ing.
|
Stop → stopping
Rain → raining
Fix → fixing
Play → playing
Grow → growing
|
-Verbs
that ending in -iechange to -y, add -ing.
|
Die → dying
Lie → lying
Tie → tying
|
Am
|
I
|
Am+
not
|
am not
|
Is
|
He/She/It
(Singular Nouns)
|
Is+
not
|
isn’t
|
Are
|
You/We/They
(Plural Nouns)
|
Are+
not
|
aren’t
|
Non-Progressive Verbs(
Stative Verbs)
Some Verbs are never or hardly ever used in progressive forms.
These verbs are described or refer to states
rather than actions. They do not
describe activities that are in progressive tense.
Mental State
|
Know
Want* Think* Believe Agree
Realize
Feel* Doubt* Need Understand
Suppose
Remember* Imagine* Recognize Wish
Promise
Mean* Forget* Concern Desire
|
Emotional State
|
Love
Hate Fear Mind Like
Dislike Envy Care Appreciate Please
Astonish
Amaze Surprise Prefer Impress
|
Possession
|
Possess Have* Own Belong
|
Senses
|
taste*
See* Smell* Feel* Hear
|
Other Existing
|
Seem
Cost* Be* Owe Consist
Exist
Look* Weight* Matter Contain
Sound
Appear* Resemble Equal Look like
Deserve
Measure Fit
|
*Verbs with an asterisk can have both
stative and progressive meaning.
But it has difference in meaning, as in the
following example:
Non-Progressive
(Stative Verbs)Progressive ( Activity)
Think: I think Jackson is a kind
man. I am thinking about this grammar.
Have: Peter has a grammar book I am
having a trouble.
Taste: The food
tests good The
chef is tasting the sauce.
Smell: These flowers smell good You are smelling the rose.
See: I see what you mean. The doctor is seeing a patient.
Feel: I feel we shouldn’t do it. I’m feeling fine.
Look: Shelooks cold. I’ll lend her my coat. I am looking out the window.
Appear: Heappears a perfectly normal
person. The actor is appearing on the stage.
Weight: A piano
is heavy. It’s weight a lot. The grocer
is weighting bananas.
Be: I am hungry. He
is being foolish.
Remember:
He remembers your name.
He is remembering the old story.
Imagine: I imagine you must be
tired. She is imagining her plan.
Forget: They forget how much I paid for
it. My friend is forgetting something.
Mean: ‘huge’ means ‘very big’ It’smeaning bad result.
Past Times:
there are six tenses in the past times.
1-Past Simple:is used to describe
things that happened in the past or events that have been completion.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ V2+ Objective
|
We studied English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Did+ S+ V1 + Objective?
|
Did we study English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Did+ not+ V1 + Objective
|
We didn’t study English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Past Simple
Using
Regular Verbs in the Past Simple
Most
regular verbs: add -ed
|
Work
→ worked/ Help → helped/Start → started
|
Verbs
ending in -e: add -d
|
Hope
→ hoped/Decide → decided
|
Verbs
ending in one stressed vowel
+
one consonant ( except w or x):
double
the consonant and add -ed
|
Stop
→ stopped/Plan → planned
Refer
→ referred/Regret → regretted
|
Verbs
ending in consonant + -y:
Change
y to iand add –ed
Verbs
ending in vowel + -y:
keep -y
and add -ed.
|
Hurry
→ hurried/Cry → cried
Study
→ studied/Play → played
|
Note:*Verbs ending in -chaveck in the past; Ex: picnic→picnicked.
*In British
English, -l is doubled in the past after a short vowel event if the vowel is
not stressed;
Ex tralvel→travelled.
Was
|
I/He/She/Is
(Singular Nouns)
|
Ex. I was a student.
|
Were
|
You/We/They (Plural Nouns)
|
Ex. They were students.
|
2-Past Continuous:is used to
describe actions in the past that continue for some time in the past.
The time of the action may not be indicated.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Was/Were+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We were studying English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Was/Were+ S+ V-ing +
Objective?
|
Were we studying English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Was/Were+ not+ V-ing +
Objective
|
We weren’t studying English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Past Continuous
Was
|
I/He/She/It
(Singular Nouns)
|
Was+
not
|
wasn’t
|
Were
|
You/We/They
(Plural Nouns)
|
Were+
not
|
weren’t
|
3-Present Perfect:to refer to
actions which started in the past and which are still going on atthe time
ofspeaking or which still affect the situation in the present.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Have/Has+ V3+ Objective
|
We have studied English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Have/Has+ S+ V3 + Objective?
|
Have we studied English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Have/Has+ not+ V3 +
Objective
|
We have studied English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Present Perfect
Have
|
I/ You/We/They
(Plural Nouns)
|
Has+
not
|
hasn’t
|
Has
|
He/She/It (Singular
Nouns)
|
Have+
not
|
haven’t
|
Past Participle (V3):
spelling –edform for Past Participle (V3)
in regular verbs.
Note:
The difference between been (to) and gone (to)
Ex. He’s been to Angkor
Wat. ( He went to Angkor Wat but he is back now)
He’s gone to Angkor Wat. (He is at Angkor
Wat now)
Note:
The Present Perfect is never used with adverbs of the past time.
Ex. He has gone to
Angkor Wat yesterday. (Wrong)
He went to Angkor Wat yesterday. (Right)
4-Present Perfect Continuous:is
used for an action which began at some time in the past and is going still
continuing or used for an action already finished.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Have/Has+ Been+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We have been studying English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Have/Has+ S+ Been+ V-ing +
Objective?
|
Have we been studying English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Have/Has+ not+ Been+
V-ing + Objective
|
We haven’t been studying English
grammar
|
Using Verbs in Present Perfect
Continuous
Been+ Present
Participle (V-ing)to express Perfect Continuous form.
Ex. He has been
sleeping for five hours. (Now he is still sleeping)
I have been studying English since seven
o’clock. (Now I am still studying English)
5-Past Perfect: is used to refer to
action or events in the past that happened before other actions in the past.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Had + V3+ Objective
|
We had studied English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Had+ S+ + V3 + Objective?
|
Had we studied English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Had+ not+ V3 + Objective
|
We hadn’t studied English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Past Perfect
Had:
is used to all persons in the Past Perfect.
Had
|
I/You/We/They He/She/It
|
Had+not
|
Hadn’t
|
6-Past Perfect Continuous:
is used for an action that began before a certain point in the past and
continued up to that time.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Had+ Been+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We had been studying English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Had+ S+ Been+ V-ing +
Objective?
|
Had we been studying English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Had+ not+ Been+ V-ing +
Objective
|
We hadn’t been studying English
grammar
|
Future Times:
there
are four tenses in the future times.
1-Future Simple: is used to talk about
something that we think or believe will happen in the future.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Will/Shall + V1+
Objective
|
We will study English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Will/Shall+ S+ V1 +
Objective?
|
Will we study English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Will/Shall+ not+ V1 +
Objective
|
We won’t study English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Future Simple
Will
|
I/You/We/They
He/She/It
|
Will+not
|
Won’t
|
Shall
|
I/We
|
Shall+not
|
Shan’t
|
*Be+ going to+ V1:
is used to express what someone intends to do in the future, something that is
being or has planned.
Ex. I am going to tell
her about my new house.
*Be about to: is used to express what is going to
happened in the very near future.
Ex. I am about to study
computer at my school.
*Be to: to talk about official plans and
arrangements.
Ex. The Prime Minister
is to visit Cambodia next month.
2-Future Simple Continuous:is
used to talk about actions which will be in progress at a time in the future.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Will/Shall +Be+ V-ing+
Objective
|
We will be studying English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Will/Shall+ S+Be+ V-ing +
Objective?
|
Will we be studying English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+ Will/Shall+ not+Be+ V-ing
+ Objective
|
We won’t be studying English grammar
|
Using Verbs in Future Continuous
Be+PresentParticiple(V-ing):
to express Future Continuous tense.
3-Future Perfect: is used to refer to an
action that you expect to have happened or that will be completed by a certain
future time.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Will/Shall + Have+ V3+
Objective
|
We will have studied English grammar
|
Interrogative
|
Will/Shall+ S+ Have+ V3 +
Objective?
|
Will we have studied English grammar?
|
Negative
|
S+Will/Shall+ not+ Have+ V3 + Objective
|
We will not have studied English
grammar
|
Using Verbs in Future Perfect
Will : is used with all persons (
I/You/We/They/He/She/It)
Shall: is used with the first
person (I/We). But today is less common than Will.
*Remember: After Will/Shall the verbs is using is
infinitive.
Ex. He will has
studied English grammar. (Wrong)
He will have studied English grammar. (Right)
4-Future Perfect Continuous:is
used to refer to an actionwhich will be in progress over a period of the time
that will end in the future.
Sentences
|
Forms
|
Examples
|
Affirmative
|
S+ Will/Shall + Have+Been+
V-ing+ Objective
|
We
will have been studying English.
|
Interrogative
|
Will/Shall+ S+ Have+Been+V-ing +Objective?
|
Will we have been studying English?
|
Negative
|
S+ Will/Shall+ not+ Have+ V3
+ Objective
|
We will not have been studying
English.
|
Expressing
Meaning
Ex. By the end of the month, I will have been working
here for six years. (and I will continue to work here)
I will have
been teaching for twenty years next July. (and I will continue to teach here)
Appendix
Question
Words
We can use Wh-questions
with all tenses to add more information of answer.
Wh-questions
|
Example
|
Answer
|
Meaning
|
When
|
When
did they come home?
|
Yesterday
|
When:
is used to ask about time.
|
Where
|
Where
will you go this week?
|
Phnom
Penh
|
Where:
is used to ask about
place.
|
Why
|
Why
do you come late?
|
Because I had a
traffic jam.
|
Why:
is used to ask about
reason.
|
What
|
What
is your full name?
|
SABONE
VENTA
|
What:
is used to ask about more
detail of the subject.
|
Which
|
Which
book do you want?
Which
countries did you visit?
|
That
one
Cambodia
and Lao
|
Which:
is used to ask about
choosing. And sometimes ask about information of noun.
|
How
|
How
do you come to school?
How
long
have studied English?
How
often
do you play soccer?
How
faris
it to school from here?
How
much money does it cost?
How
many people come here?
|
By
bus
Five
years
Every
weekend
400meter
Five
dollars
Twenty
|
How:
is used to ask about
manner.
How long:
asks about length of time.
How often: asks
about frequency.
How far:
asks about distance.
How much/many: is
used to ask about quantity.
|
Who
|
Who
is your teacher?
|
Teacher
Venta
|
Who:
is used to ask about
people.
|
Whom
|
Whom
did you meet last night?
Whom
were you talking to?
|
I
met David
My
mom
|
Whom:
is used to ask about
object of verb or preposition. (refer to people)
|
Whose
|
Whose
book is this?
|
It’s
mine
|
Whose:
asks about possession.
|
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